Catarrh

During periods of outbreaks of respiratory viruses, special attention is needed to observe the rules for the prevention of viral infections. More specifically, the best prevention for the common cold is good and frequent hand washing with simple soap and water after every contact with patients or with potentially contaminated surfaces.
If these are not available, liquid hand sanitizers or special antiseptic wipes can be used. In addition, it is important that patients cover their mouths with a disposable tissue when sneezing or coughing and discard it immediately. Contact with patients should be avoided when it is not necessary, as well as areas where patients coexist with healthy people (workplaces, nurseries, schools) should be frequently ventilated. Vitamin C has been used in studies to prevent the common cold, vitamin D, zinc, echinacea and propolis plant components. In addition, with regard to the prevention of seasonal flu, the most basic means of prevention is vaccination according to the instructions of the KEELPNO, which not only reduces the chances of someone getting sick, but also reduces the severity of the symptoms as well as the possibility of complications. Vaccination is now recommended for all individuals older than 6 months, and must be repeated every year, as the virus easily mutates. Vaccination must be done in October each year. In particular, people who belong to high-risk groups such as people over 50, people with chronic respiratory (asthma, COPD) or heart diseases (coronary disease), people with diabetes, obese people (bmi>30), patients with neurological diseases or kidney failure, patients with hemoglobinopathies or splenectomy, pregnant women as well as those who work in nursing institutions or take care of the elderly or babies.

For cases of allergic rhinitis, it is advisable to avoid exposure to possible allergens during periods of exacerbation. Quitting smoking, both active and avoiding passive smoking, is equally important.

Frequent washing of the nose with sea water solutions or with simple saline helps the nasal mucosa function well. The use of local sprays with anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial properties (e.g. propolis) prevents frequent episodes of rhinitis, whether caused by an allergy or a virus, and relieves acute symptoms. Decongestant sprays can also be used locally (maximum use 3-5 days), as well as cortisone sprays.

Angelos P. Karatzaferis
Specialist Pathologist
Excellent Graduate of the School of Medicine of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Specialty in Internal Pathology at the Pathological Physiology Clinic of the University of Athens